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Many Crohn's patients, myself included, have always had elevated calprotectin levels more often than not.
As an example, here is a graph of my levels the past seven years:
I wondered what elevated calprotectin actually means?
There is growing evidence that mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP) is a trigger of some cases of CD and I recently tested positive for MAP. Is there a connection to calprotectin I wondered? The lab cultured live daughter cells, which are the type of bacteria the immune system picks up and reacts to (picture from my MAP test result report below):
Could it be that calprotectin elevates when the immune system detects MAP cells? So I did a search to see if there is a connection between mycobacterium infection and calprotectin.
Two studies came up:
The first study MRP8/14 [=calprotectin] induces autophagy to eliminate intracellular Mycobacterium bovis BCG. concludes (quote):
The present study revealed a novel role of MRP8/14 in the autophagy-mediated elimination of intracellular BCG by promoting ROS generation, which may provide a promising therapeutic target for tuberculosis and other intracellular bacterial infectious diseases.
(end quote)
What that means is calprotectin is released by the immune system to help kill the infected cells.
The second study:
Calprotectin (MRP8/14 protein complex) release during mycobacterial infection in vitro and in vivo. concludes (quote):
Human MRP8/14 significantly increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv growth in liquid medium in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These findings suggest that MRP8/14 plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis.
(end quote)
Even though MAP is a different subtype of mycobacterium than M.tuberculosis and M. bovis, it shares similarities with both, as described in the study Interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis with the enteric glia and microglial cells.
I am more and more convinced that the mycobacteria we get from dairy cows (and possibly other sources) is harmful. I for one am through with dairy and minced meat as long as MAP is present in the food products. Including matured cheese and pasteurized milk - MAP survives both processes. Also, when a cow gets sick with MAP it is reportedly still slaughtered and the meat is sold.
As an example, here is a graph of my levels the past seven years:
I wondered what elevated calprotectin actually means?
There is growing evidence that mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP) is a trigger of some cases of CD and I recently tested positive for MAP. Is there a connection to calprotectin I wondered? The lab cultured live daughter cells, which are the type of bacteria the immune system picks up and reacts to (picture from my MAP test result report below):
Could it be that calprotectin elevates when the immune system detects MAP cells? So I did a search to see if there is a connection between mycobacterium infection and calprotectin.
Two studies came up:
The first study MRP8/14 [=calprotectin] induces autophagy to eliminate intracellular Mycobacterium bovis BCG. concludes (quote):
The present study revealed a novel role of MRP8/14 in the autophagy-mediated elimination of intracellular BCG by promoting ROS generation, which may provide a promising therapeutic target for tuberculosis and other intracellular bacterial infectious diseases.
(end quote)
What that means is calprotectin is released by the immune system to help kill the infected cells.
The second study:
Calprotectin (MRP8/14 protein complex) release during mycobacterial infection in vitro and in vivo. concludes (quote):
Human MRP8/14 significantly increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv growth in liquid medium in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These findings suggest that MRP8/14 plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis.
(end quote)
Even though MAP is a different subtype of mycobacterium than M.tuberculosis and M. bovis, it shares similarities with both, as described in the study Interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis with the enteric glia and microglial cells.
I am more and more convinced that the mycobacteria we get from dairy cows (and possibly other sources) is harmful. I for one am through with dairy and minced meat as long as MAP is present in the food products. Including matured cheese and pasteurized milk - MAP survives both processes. Also, when a cow gets sick with MAP it is reportedly still slaughtered and the meat is sold.
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