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  1. kiny

    Oral exclusive enteral nutrition induces mucosal and transmural healing in patients with Crohn’s diseaseth

    79% patients in clinical remission on EEN, against 22-66% for anti-TNF. We know EEN is highly effective at inducing endoscopic remission, it is superior to any medication. That's not news. But I posted this study because what we really need to know is how effective long-term EEN is at...
  2. kiny

    Oral exclusive enteral nutrition induces mucosal and transmural healing in patients with Crohn’s diseaseth

    Oral exclusive enteral nutrition induces mucosal and transmural healing in patients with Crohn’s disease.
  3. kiny

    lymphoid follicles with red ring signs as first manifestation of early Crohn’s disease

    This study is so interesting because it shows the earliest endoscopic signs of crohn's disease are inflamed lymphoid follicles. Early signs of crohn's disease always point to involvement of lymphoid follicles and peyer's patches. M. Behr and V. Kruiningen have long suggested crohn's might be a...
  4. kiny

    Environmental factors, not genetics, confer the highest risk of developing CD in multiplex families.

    This is a new study that confirms Van Kruiningen his old studies. There is a major environmental factors that contributes to disease risk, which is completely independent and much more important, than genetic predisposition. The environment is, by far, the strongest risk factor in multiplex...
  5. kiny

    Environmental factors, not genetics, confer the highest risk of developing CD in multiplex families.

    Healthy first-degree relatives from multiplex families versus simplex families have a higher subclinical intestinal inflammation, a distinct fecal microbial signature, and harbor a higher risk of developing Crohn's disease University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2024 Sep Background &...
  6. kiny

    Genetic variants and crohn's disease. Some perspective.

    As far as which specific pathogens would end up being a risk factor when carrying NOD2 variants specific to crohn's disease. It would be intracellular bacteria and fungi. To be very specific, leprae and TB for example would likely exploit these variants, and we see some evidence of this in...
  7. kiny

    Genetic variants and crohn's disease. Some perspective.

    It's just that you end up discussing bacteria and fungi when you talk about NOD2, not viruses. Also because NOD2 variants are most closely associated to crohn's disease. The NOD2 gene is the body's instruction manual on how to make the NOD2 protein. The innate immune fuction recognizes...
  8. kiny

    Genetic variants and crohn's disease. Some perspective.

    Just wanted to note. If the immune response in crohn's disease targets pathogens, that doesn't completely rule out that these pathogens did not enter through the gastrointestinal tract, but through the lungs or another site, and traveled to the intestine through dissemination from the...
  9. kiny

    Genetic variants and crohn's disease. Some perspective.

    I remember I posted a study where ruminants were put under psychological stress for several days, just to see what would happen to their immune function and intestinal biome. Certain viral infections like herpes are known to reactivate when people are stressed. Crohn's disease is still more...
  10. kiny

    Genetic variants and crohn's disease. Some perspective.

    Right, Crohn's disease incidence increased way too fast in the West, but even more so in developing countries. This can not be explained through genetics. Genetic anomalies simply gives you a, relatively small, predisposition. When Moroccans migrated to France and Belgium, the incidence of...
  11. kiny

    Genetic variants and crohn's disease. Some perspective.

    Well, it's all relative. These primary immunodeficiences might make some more susceptible to crohn's disease. But all things considered, these NOD2 and ATG16L1 anomalies do not seem to cause most people severe health issues. Limiting bacterial load and contact with the fecal stream through EN or...
  12. kiny

    Genetic variants and crohn's disease. Some perspective.

    Leprae is a bit different in the sense that it is a relatively rare infection that doesn't use a mucosal surface as a point of entry. There is some genetic risk overlap with leprosy and CD, but you can only observe this in underdeveloped countries. But most infections use the large mucosal...
  13. kiny

    Plastic pollution and could it be linked to an increase in incidence of Crohn's disease among children

    Peyer's patches are exclusive to the ileum and are most active during puberty. The very earliest endoscopic signs of crohn's disease seems to consistently match inflammation of lymphoid follicles. So the main suspects end up being pathogens that enter through the dome-like M cells of these...
  14. kiny

    Ileal bile acid malabsorption in colonic Crohn's disease

    I had a few posts about bile acids, but not that many. Anyway, it's rather interesting in relation to crohn's disease. The body uses bile to help absorb dietary fats and fat soluble vitamins. It's produced by the liver and enzymes where cholesterol turns into cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic...
  15. kiny

    Reverse-engineered exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn's disease: A pilot trial

    Fecal transplants are an unregulated treatment that caused major flares in crohn's disease patients in multiple studies. The fecal stream is a major contributor to inflammation in crohn's disease: (1) Early lesions of recurrent Crohn's disease caused by infusion of intestinal contents in...
  16. kiny

    Reverse-engineered exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn's disease: A pilot trial

    For what it's worth, I remembered there was an older thread where forum users mentioned using smoothies. From 2011: https://crohnsforum.com/threads/smoothies.27556/ Anyway, hopefully more studies are done. Compliance is the biggest issue holding back more widespread use of EN. Although EN like...
  17. kiny

    Reverse-engineered exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn's disease: A pilot trial

    Great, thank you. Hopefully we see more of these type of studies. For comparison, here is the change in FC during a regular course of EEN in the 2024, UK study: "Treatment of Active Crohn's Disease With Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Diminishes the Immunostimulatory Potential of Fecal Microbial...
  18. kiny

    Reverse-engineered exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn's disease: A pilot trial

    So you can try to deduct what they used a little bit. 48g of total fats. of which 8.36g are saturated. So that's 17% saturated. Since MCT are (largely) saturated, the smoothie can't contain much MCT. Likely much less than in EN. There's this whole scientific debate if the MCT in EN purely help...
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