A correctly functioning NOD2 gene is needed to make the correct NOD2 protein to correctly recognise bacteria, and they think it also allows the innate immune system to differetiate between commesnal and pathogenic ones.
If someone has a NOD2 mutation, and many people with CD have, the innate immune system would be compromised, bacteria are uncontrolled, the adaptive immune system will cause inflammation as a response to the innate immune system who failed clear the bacteria and the gut flora failed to reach homeostasis. Add to that that AIEC and MAP are able to exploit this scenario, they exploit macrophages..
Contageous, I don't know, it's not only AIEC, it's a whole bunch of strains, in adults they find a lot of LF82, but they found others too, they find other types in kids, they find MAP in adults, they find some people with crohn are susceptible to other infections etc.
I doubt it is one single bacteria, it's a bunch of bacteria and issues causing a clinically similar disease.
People with crohn are unable to reach bacterial clearance on their own, it's a chronic defect that is made much worse if they are challenged with AIEC and MAP.
What is not considered to be pathogenic in a person with a correctly functioning innate immune system, will be marked as pathogenic by the adaptive immune system in someone who fails to reach bacterial clearance, until the pathogen is removed from the host.
That is what I think.