AID in aging and autoimmune diseases.

[kiny]

http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08916934.2012.750300

AID in aging and autoimmune diseases.

2013 Mar

Frasca D, Andrisani G, Diaz A, Felice C, Guidi L, Blomberg BB.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida , USA.

"The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of B cell responses in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and healthy individuals of different ages, vaccinated with the pandemic (p)2009 influenza vaccine.

The in vivo response was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, which represents the most established correlate with vaccine protectiveness. The in vitro response was measured by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in cultures of vaccine-stimulated PBMC. Both responses are somewhat impaired in IBD patients undergoing anti-TNF-α treatment but these are much more decreased in IBD patients undergoing treatment with anti-TNF-α and immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. These latter patients had in vivo and in vitro B cell responses similar to those of elderly individuals. Moreover, as we have previously demonstrated in healthy subjects, the in vitro response to the polyclonal stimulus CpG may be used as a biomarker for subsequent vaccine response and AID activation is correlated with the serum response in IBD patients, as it is in healthy individuals. These results altogether indicate that IBD patients on anti-TNF-α and IS have significantly impaired in vivo and in vitro B cell responses, as compared to those on monotherapy. This is the first report to demonstrate that B cell defects, as measured by the autonomous AID reporter, in IBD patients contribute to reduced humoral responses to the influenza vaccine, as we have previously shown for elderly individuals."

 

[kiny]

Hmm, what I know,

-when they say IS drugs, they mean 6mp or comparable
-lymphocyte are the cells from the adaptive immune system, B cells are part of lymphocyte and they respond during infection or cancers. The B and T cells have millions of receptors for all kind of threats, and during new threats the correct T and B cells will divide into a big number of effectors to kill the threat, and the rest become memory cells for later when the same threat arises once more and the immune response will be faster. They are also antigen presentors, meaning they present the antigen material to other lymphocyte to invoke a response.

Anyway, combo therapy if you've heard of that, it's the combination of 6mp or other strong immunosupressants together with infliximab / humira, which they first though was a wonderful idea only a few year ago until some people started getting lymphoma and infections and now this is rarely used anymore , when people are put on infliximab most people are put on it with monotherapy (which I think is why no one should post older studies that talk about combo therapy anymore, every study predating 2012 is outdated).

The B cell response if I understand the study, is very impaired in people who are on combo therapy, it's comparable to senior individuals, and they can measure it by their reaction against harmless vaccines.