Hi Eriberri, to your first question, a colonoscopy looks at your large bowel (colon) and at the start of your colon (the caecum) is where the small bowel enters the large bowel through the ileocaecal valve. The colonoscopist can occasionally pass through the ileocaecal valve into the terminal ileum (otherwise known as an ileoscopy).
Bloody diarrhoea has a number of causes, most of which are due to inflammation of your colon (colitis). To differentiate between them, you need to look at your history, blood and stool tests and then the results from your colonoscopy and biopsies. For example:
1. Ischaemic colitis - sudden onset severe pain, followed by bright red rectal bleeding. Usually short lived. Can leave a normal colonoscopy if not done reasonably promptly after bleeding.
2. Infectious colitis - bloody diarrhoea, usually have severe crampy abdominal pain, symptoms tend to settle after 1 to 2 weeks. Again colonoscopy can appear normal if not done soon after the symptoms. Can lead to a post infectious IBS, ie. bloating, mild diarrhoea, some abdominal pain, can go for weeks/months/years, after the colitis settles.
3. Crohns colitis or Ulcerative colitis - intermittent bloody diarrhoea, could settle spontaneously. This type of colitis would rarely leave a normal colonoscopy once the symptoms settles, however, mild disease once well treated may leave a relatively normal colonoscopy.
The bleeding is due to inflammation and ulceration, to answer your question, the bleeding tends to stop when the mucosa starts healing.
Best wishes.