Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy, such as infliximab, is the most effective treatment for the prevention of postoperative recurrence. It is recommended as first-line prophylactic therapy for patients who are at high risk for postoperative recurrence, those who have tried but in whom AZA/6-MP has failed, or those who are intolerant of AZA/6-MP.[4,10] Multiple small randomized controlled trials and prospective open-label trials have found that infliximab and adalimumab are superior to placebo, mesalamine, and azathioprine at preventing postoperative recurrence. A recent systematic review and network meta-analysis examining the comparative efficacy of these drugs in the prevention of postoperative recurrence concluded that anti-TNF therapy appears to be the most effective prophylactic strategy.[11]
Postoperative natural history studies have taught us that most—but not all—patients will develop recurrent disease. Thus, initiating anti-TNF therapy in all postoperative Crohn disease patients would certainly mean overtreating a subset. This is not a trivial concern: Anti-TNF therapy is costly and is associated with a moderate risk for infection. Biologic therapies are also prone to immunogenicity with the development of antidrug antibodies and subsequent loss of response, predisposing patients to potential serious allergic reactions and leaving them with fewer treatment options.
Because the patient in this case is at moderate but not high risk for postoperative recurrence and did not try AZA/6-MP for the treatment of his Crohn disease before surgery, it is recommended that the patient first try AZA/6-MP before considering anti-TNF therapy.
For patient follow-up, early colonoscopy at 6 months after surgery is recommended on the basis of the recently published POCER study.[12] The POCER study found that patients who underwent early colonoscopy followed by treatment escalation based on endoscopic findings had significantly less endoscopic disease recurrence at 18 months after surgery compared with patients who had forgone early colonoscopy and treatment modification.