Oh gosh, Weatherwax, sounds like your partner crossed the line a little bit with sharing who knows what about your health history in your shared workplace! And with the blender and the cookbook, I'm sure your colleagues are just trying to be helpful - if it were me, I'd graciously accept the gifts and say "Thanks, but you really shouldn't have!" and then either keep them or donate them. (If it's a nice blender, I would be tempted to totally keep it but maybe that's just me!) If this is how they feel helpful, then let them - it's not hurting anyone and hopefully it's a one-time thing. (If they do continue to buy you "helpful" gifts in the future, maybe let them know that you're okay and don't need them to keep going out of their way to "help".)
Can you sit down with your partner and explain that you're feeling a little bit like your trust has been violated with this whole incident? I'm sure that nothing malicious was intended, but I think you need to make it clear that there are certain things that are just not to be discussed in the workplace like that. Maybe let him know exactly what the boundary is - if a colleague asks about your health, your partner can say something like, "Weatherwax is doing okay, thanks for your concern" and don't give any details. Make it clear that giving out details about your health is definitely crossing the line.
It does sound like perhaps your partner needs some support and information as a caregiver, and it might not be a bad idea to encourage him to have a look around the forum. Caregivers are definitely welcome here, and he could find support and information to make him feel better and more informed about your health situation.
And if I may add on a personal level, sometimes partners are just clueless no matter how much you inform them! My hubby is like that sometimes. I've been ill for over 4 years now and he should know what I can and cannot eat. He knows broccoli is okay if it's cooked very well and if the stems are removed (the tops are okay but the stems are pretty fibrous). He made dinner last night, a potato casserole dish, and he put broccoli in it. And for some inexplicable reason, he put the stems in. He said he chopped them into smaller bits so that it would supposedly be easier on me. Um, no? It doesn't matter if they're chopped into smaller pieces, they still don't agree with me - and smaller bits just meant I had more pieces to pick out of my food. Ugh!
So anyway, I understand the clueless partner thing, and hopefully having some discussions with your partner and getting him to a better level of understanding will help the situation.